Additional costs associated with IS must also be considered. With the increased dependencies on IT so substantial, disruptions of any kind may cause outcomes that range from inconvenience to catastrophe (Meall L 1989; Cited by Loch et al 1992). As Carr remarks, “no company builds its business strategy around its electricity usage, but even a brief lapse in supply can be devastating” (2003, p48). These threats can range from “natural man-made disasters, errors by employees, and the overt acts of competitors, hackers and creators of computer viruses” (Loch et al 1992, p174). Operations should be employed to secure data, as well as backing it up regularly. The disruptions can be unimaginable and aren’t just limited to the implications on the day, but can taint the reputation of the company in the longer term. “Focusing on the vulnerabilities and not opportunities” (Carr 2003, p48) can help companies prepare themselves for a problem, reducing the advantage that could be gained by competitors in unlikely circumstances.

Next : Emerging Technologies